Mac keyboard shortcuts

By pressing certain key combinations, you lot can practice things that normally demand a mouse, trackpad, or other input device.

To use a keyboard shortcut, printing and hold ane or more than modifier keys and and so press the terminal key of the shortcut. For example, to utilise Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards oftentimes use symbols for sure keys, including modifier keys:

  • Command (or Cmd) ⌘
  • Shift ⇧
  • Option (or Alt) ⌥
  • Control (or Ctrl) ⌃
  • Caps Lock ⇪
  • Fn


On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Pick, and the Windows logo cardinal instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display effulgence, keyboard brightness, Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you lot might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To utilise these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard office keys, combine them with the Fn central.

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

  • Command-X: Cutting the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
  • Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
  • Control-Five: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
  • Command-Z: Undo the previous control. Y'all can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
  • Command-A: Select All items.
  • Control-F: Observe items in a document or open a Find window.
  • Command-Yard: Find Once more: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To detect the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-M.
  • Control-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front end app simply hibernate all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
  • Command-K: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, printing Option-Command-G.
  • Control-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open up.
  • Command-P: Print the current document.
  • Command-S: Relieve the current document.
  • Command-T: Open a new tab.
  • Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Selection-Command-W.
  • Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
  • Control–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Control–Option–Infinite bar. (If you utilize multiple input sources to type in dissimilar languages, these shortcuts modify input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
  • Control–Control–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you tin choose emoji and other symbols.
  • Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
  • Infinite bar: Utilize Quick Expect to preview the selected item.
  • Control-Tab: Switch to the side by side most recently used app among your open apps.
  • Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or afterward, have a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Control-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
  • Shift-Command-N: Create a new binder in the Finder.
  • Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.

Slumber, log out, and shut down shortcuts

You might need to press and concur some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.

* Does not apply to the Touch on ID sensor.

Finder and organisation shortcuts

  • Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
  • Command-Eastward: Eject the selected disk or volume.
  • Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
  • Control-I: Bear witness the Go Info window for a selected file.
  • Command-R: (one) When an allonym is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such equally Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
  • Shift-Control-C: Open the Estimator window.
  • Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
  • Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or inverse recently.
  • Shift-Command-M: Open up a Go to Folder window.
  • Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
  • Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
  • Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
  • Option-Command-Fifty: Open up the Downloads binder.
  • Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
  • Shift-Command-O: Open up the Documents folder.
  • Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
  • Shift-Control-R: Open the AirDrop window.
  • Shift-Control-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
  • Control-Shift-Control-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
  • Shift-Control-U: Open the Utilities folder.
  • Choice-Command-D: Evidence or hide the Dock.
  • Control-Command-T: Add together the selected item to the sidebar (Os Ten Mavericks or later).
  • Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
  • Option-Control-S: Hibernate or testify the Sidebar in Finder windows.
  • Control–Slash (/): Hide or show the condition bar in Finder windows.
  • Command-J: Show View Options.
  • Control-M: Open the Connect to Server window.
  • Control-Command-A: Make an allonym of the selected item.
  • Control-N: Open a new Finder window.
  • Option-Control-North: Create a new Smart Folder.
  • Command-T: Evidence or hibernate the tab bar when a single tab is open in the electric current Finder window.
  • Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
  • Selection-Command-5: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
  • Command-Y: Utilise Quick Look to preview the selected files.
  • Pick-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
  • Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
  • Command-ii: View the items in a Finder window as a listing.
  • Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
  • Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
  • Command–Left Subclass ([): Go to the previous binder.
  • Command–Correct Bracket (]): Get to the side by side binder.
  • Control–Upwardly Arrow: Open the folder that contains the electric current folder.
  • Control–Control–Upwards Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
  • Command–Down Arrow: Open up the selected detail.
  • Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works merely when in listing view.
  • Left Arrow: Close the selected binder. This works only when in list view.
  • Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
  • Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
  • Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
  • Command–Effulgence Down: Plow video mirroring on or off when your Mac is continued to more i display.
  • Selection–Brightness Upwardly: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
  • Control–Brightness Upward or Control–Effulgence Down: Change the brightness of your external brandish, if supported past your brandish.
  • Selection–Shift–Effulgence Upwardly or Option–Shift–Effulgence Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to brand the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your brandish.
  • Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
  • Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
  • Command–Down Arrow: Prove all windows of the front end app.
  • Option–Volume Upwardly: Open up Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
  • Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Book Downward: Arrange the audio volume in smaller steps.
  • Pick–Keyboard Effulgence Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness fundamental.
  • Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
  • Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, and then close the original window.
  • Command central while double-clicking: Open a binder in a split up tab or window.
  • Command key while dragging to another volume: Motion the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying information technology.
  • Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged particular. The arrow changes while you drag the item.
  • Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the detail.
  • Pick-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
  • Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
  • Learn how to employ Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
  • Click the Become carte du jour in the Finder menu bar to meet shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such every bit Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.

Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you lot're using.

  • Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
  • Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
  • Command-Yard: Add a spider web link.
  • Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
  • Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
  • Control-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open up dialog or Salve dialog.
  • Control-Command-D: Bear witness or hide the definition of the selected discussion.
  • Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
  • Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
  • Choice-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion betoken.
  • Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion bespeak. Or use Delete.
  • Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion signal. Or use Fn-Delete.
  • Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete   key. Or apply Control-D.
  • Command-1000: Delete the text between the insertion point and the finish of the line or paragraph.
  • Fn–Upwards Arrow: Page Up: Curl up one page.
  • Fn–Down Pointer: Page Down: Scroll down 1 page.
  • Fn–Left Arrow: Dwelling house: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
  • Fn–Correct Pointer: End: Scroll to the cease of a document.
  • Command–Upward Pointer: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the certificate.
  • Command–Downward Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
  • Command–Left Pointer: Move the insertion indicate to the outset of the current line.
  • Control–Right Pointer: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
  • Choice–Left Arrow: Move the insertion indicate to the beginning of the previous give-and-take.
  • Option–Correct Arrow: Move the insertion point to the cease of the next give-and-take.
  • Shift–Command–Up Pointer: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the certificate.
  • Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
  • Shift–Control–Left Pointer: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
  • Shift–Control–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
  • Shift–Upwards Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest graphic symbol at the same horizontal location on the line above.
  • Shift–Downward Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line beneath.
  • Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text pick one graphic symbol to the left.
  • Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text pick one character to the correct.
  • Choice–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text option to the start of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed over again.
  • Pick–Shift–Downwards Pointer: Extend text choice to the finish of the current paragraph, then to the end of the post-obit paragraph if pressed again.
  • Pick–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text pick to the starting time of the current give-and-take, and so to the beginning of the following word if pressed once again.
  • Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text choice to the end of the current give-and-take, then to the end of the post-obit discussion if pressed over again.
  • Control-A: Movement to the start of the line or paragraph.
  • Control-E: Motility to the stop of a line or paragraph.
  • Control-F: Motility one character forward.
  • Control-B: Move i grapheme backward.
  • Control-Fifty: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
  • Command-P: Move upwards one line.
  • Control-North: Motility down one line.
  • Command-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
  • Control-T: Bandy the grapheme backside the insertion point with the character in forepart of the insertion point.
  • Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
  • Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
  • Shift–Control–Vertical bar (|): Center marshal.
  • Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
  • Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
  • Pick-Command-C: Re-create Style: Re-create the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
  • Pick-Control-5: Paste Style: Utilize the copied way to the selected item.
  • Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Friction match Style: Utilise the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
  • Selection-Command-I: Evidence or hibernate the inspector window.
  • Shift-Control-P:  Page setup: Display a window for selecting certificate settings.
  • Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or indistinguishable the current document.
  • Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected particular.
  • Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected detail. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same part.
  • Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Aid card.

Other shortcuts

For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can take its ain shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in 1 app might not work in some other.

  • Accessibility shortcuts
  • Safari shortcuts
  • Spotlight shortcuts
  • Startup shortcuts
  • Apple tree Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
  • Other shortcuts: Cull Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, and so click Shortcuts.

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